15 results
Theory and New Applications of Ex Situ Lift Out
- Lucille A. Giannuzzi, Zhiyang Yu, Denise Yin, Martin P. Harmer, Qiang Xu, Noel S. Smith, Lisa Chan, Jon Hiller, Dustin Hess, Trevor Clark
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 21 / Issue 4 / August 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 July 2015, pp. 1034-1048
- Print publication:
- August 2015
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The ex situ lift out (EXLO) adhesion forces are reviewed and new applications of EXLO for focused ion beam (FIB)-prepared specimens are described. EXLO is used to manipulate electron transparent specimens on microelectromechanical systems carrier devices designed for in situ electron microscope analysis. A new patented grid design without a support film is described for EXLO. This new slotted grid design provides a surface for holding the specimen in place and also allows for post lift out processing. Specimens may be easily manipulated into a backside orientation to reduce FIB curtaining artifacts with this slotted grid. Large EXLO specimens can be manipulated from Xe+ plasma FIB prepared specimens. Finally, applications of EXLO and manipulation of FIB specimens using a vacuum probe lift out method are shown. The vacuum probe provides more control for placing specimens on the new slotted grids and also allows for easy manipulation into a backside configuration.
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. 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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. 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Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Friction factors for a lattice of Brownian particles
- Alan J. Hurd, Noel A. Clark, Richard C. Mockler, William J. O'Sullivan
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- Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 153 / April 1985
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- 20 April 2006, pp. 401-416
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The resistance to oscillatory motions of arbitrary wavelengths in an infinitely dilute lattice of identical spheres, immersed in a viscous fluid, is calculated from the linearized Navier–Stokes equation to lowest order in fluid inertia and sphere-volume fraction. The application we have in mind is to analyse the hydrodynamic modes in colloidal crystals (a lattice of Brownian particles repelling each other electrically), although other applications are possible. We find that the friction per particle for both compressional and transverse shear modes is close to the Stokes value at short wavelengths, whereas at long wavelengths fluid backflow within the lattice is important and causes the friction to increase for compressional modes. For shear modes, in which backflow is not present, the friction decreases from the Stokes value at short wavelengths to zero at long wavelengths. At sufficiently long wavelengths, when the shear-mode friction becomes small enough, propagating viscoelastic modes are possible in a lattice with elastic forces between spheres. Fluid inertia is most important for long-wavelength transverse motions, since a significant amount of fluid mass gets carried along by each particle. Explicit results for a bcc lattice are presented along with interpolation formulas, and the pertinence of these results to colloidal crystals is discussed. Finally, the effects of constraining walls are explored by considering a one-dimensional lattice near a wall. Backflow imposed by the wall increases the friction factors for the lattice modes, showing that propagating modes are unlikely in colloidal crystals that are confined to a cell thinner than a critical length.
Electroconvulsive therapy: do the figures add up?
- Noel Sheppard, Gerard Clarke, Stephen Browne
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- Journal:
- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine / Volume 21 / Issue 1 / March 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2014, p. 36
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- March 2004
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Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystals from Achiral Molecules And A Liquid Conglomerate
- David M. Walba, Eva Körblova, Renfan Shao, Joseph E. Maclennan, Darren R. Link, Noel A. Clark
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- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 559 / 1999
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- 10 February 2011, 3
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- 1999
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Until recently, it was an empirical fact that creation of a chiral liquid crystal phase required enantiomerically enriched molecules. In addition, to date known ferroelectric and antiferroelectric smectics have also been composed of enantiomerically enriched molecules. Herein are described the first examples of the formation of chiral and antiferroelectric supermolecular liquid crystalline structures from achiral molecules. In one case (apparently metastable) the liquid crystal structure is macroscopically chiral, with samples composed of heterochiral macroscopic domains: a liquid conglomerate.
Morphologic Identification of Viral Gastroenteritis Caused by a Human Calicivirus Strain Undetected Initially by Molecular or Immunologic Methods
- C. D. Humphrey, J. S. Noel, B. L. Liu, E. M. Rodriguez, P. R. Lambden, I. N. Clarke, D. M. Dwyer, T. Ando, R.I. Glass, S. S. Monroe
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- Journal:
- Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 3 / Issue S2 / August 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 July 2020, pp. 79-80
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- August 1997
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Molecular and immunologie assays for virus identification and characterization are well known for their high specificity and sensitivity. High specificity occasionally hampers efforts to detect virus strains distantly related to previously recognized types and may allow infectious agents to be undetected when these techniques are used for identification. We describe in this report such an example with an outbreak of foodborne gastroenteritis.
Forty-six cases of gastrointestinal illness were reported in May 1994 among adult staff of a Parkville, Md., school after a catered luncheon. Symptoms included stomach cramps, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Seven stool specimens, negative by routine bacteriological screening, and 14 acute-and convalescent-phase sera from patients involved in the outbreak were tested for viruses. The stool specimens were examined by electron microscopy (EM) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) designed to detect small round structured viruses (SRSVs). In addition, serum specimens were tested for IgG antibody to recombinant capsid proteins from Norwalk virus (rNV) and Toronto virus (rTV) using a direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA).
Design and synthesis of ferroelectric liquid crystals. 24. Incorporation of the disperse red 1 chromophqre into side-by-side dimers for nonlinear optics
- Daniel J. Dyer, Renfan Shao, Noel A. Clark, David M. Walba
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 413 / 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2011, 357
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- 1995
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With excellent processibility on silicon integrated circuits and thermodynamically stable polar order, ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) show great potential as components of fast integrated electro-optic modulators. In order to realize this potential, however, an increase in the magnitude of the electronic secona order nonlinear susceptibility χ(2) is required. This has been problematical since functional arrays with large molecular second order susceptibility β orient with improper supermolecular stereocontrol (i.e. with the charge transfer axis normal to the polar axis) when incorporated into traditional FLC structures. Herein we present examples of a new LC structural class designed to achieve the proper supermolecular structure for large χ(2) in FLCs. The observed sign and magnitude of the ferroelectric polarization of the new mesogens extrapolated from smectic C* mixtures is fully consistent with the desired supermolecular structure.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals for Nonlinear Optics: can we Really do It?
- David M. Walba, Daniel J. Dyer, Peter L. Cobben, Teresa Sierra, James A. Rego, Charles A. Liberko, Renfan Shao, Noel A. Clark
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 392 / 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2011, 157
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- 1995
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Ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) are true liquids with a thermodynamically stable polar structure. Furthermore, in some systems excellent polar stereocontrol has been demonstrated (> 80% of the molecular dipole oriented along the polar axis with infinite “thermal stability”). These properties make FLCs an interesting candidate for second order NLO applications. However, until now the orientation of organic functional arrays with “large β”, typified by the disperse red 1 (DRI) chromophore, has not been demonstrated.
Herein we report the initial results of a study directed towards providing a solution to this problem. Specifically, a new FLC dopant wherein the DRI chromophore (p-nitro-p'-dialkyl-aminoazobenzene unit) is oriented along the polar axis in FLC mixtures up to 30% by weight is described. These results suggest that it will be possible to obtain FLCs with good stereocontrolled orientation of large β functional arrays. Given that hybrid VLSI silicon/FLC optical chips are under intense investigation as micro-displays, and manufacturing issues for this class of devices are being addressed in the display context, the materials presented here suggest VLSI/FLC chips may be useful as high speed electro-optic modulators as well.
Biologically Derived Nanometer-Scale Patterning on Chemically Modified Silicon Surfaces
- Bradford W. Holland, Kenneth Douglas, Noel A. Clark
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 330 / 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 121
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- 1993
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In recent experiments we have patterned smooth HOPG surfaces with periodic arrays of nanometer dimension holes on a 20nm lattice using two-dimensional (2-D) protein crystals as templates. The bacterial cell wall crystals were deposited on HOPG substrate and overcoated at oblique incidence with an ultrathin (3.5 nmn) TiO2 film. Fast atom beam (FAB) milling patterns the TiO2 film into a screen having the protein lattice periodicity and the screen then acts as a mask for the pattern transfer to the HOPG substrate. This method provides an inexpensive, “benchtop,” intrinsically parallel technique for the periodic nanostructuring of surfaces. Here we extend it to the patterning of silicon single crystal surfaces. We will describe the use of silane coupling agents to enable protein adhesion with the cytoplasmic side up, as is preferable for the patterning. We will show AFM images of the T1O2 -protein-silicon composite surface at various stages of the fabrication process.
Studies on Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Tolan Derivatives Designed for Nonlinear Optical Applications
- David M. Walba, James A. Rego, Noel A. Clark, Renfan Shao
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 277 / 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 February 2011, 205
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- 1992
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The structure and properties of a series of ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) guests possessing a tolan unit in the core are presented. The data shows that in racemic smectic C hosts, the o-nitroalkoxytolan unit can be oriented along the polar axis in the FLC thin films, affording interesting new materials for NLO applications. The data are consistent with basic expectations regarding the structure of the FLC host-guest system. There are, however, interesting deviations from expectation suggesting that for some guests there is a large and unexplained effect of host structure on the properties of doped FLC phases.
Composite Biomolecular/Solid State Nanostructures
- Kenneth Douglas, Noel A. Clark, Kenneth J. Rothschild
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 174 / 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2011, 151
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- 1989
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Parallel nanometer molecular lithography has recently been demonstrated to be a parallel fabrication process for structures with features defined by single molecules [1]. In this process two dimensional (2d) monolayer protein crystals are used as patterning elements in the parallel fabrication of structures on the 10nm length scale (nanostructures). The parallelism of this technique is in contrast to such serial fabrication methods as x-ray and electron-beam lithography.